Palæos:		The Hadean Eon
HADEAN		References

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Notes & References

References

Asphaug E, CB Agnor & Q Williams (2006), Hit-and-run planetary collisions.  Nature 439: 155-160.

Baker JA, M Bizzarro, N Wittig, J Connelly & H Haack (2005), Early planetesimal melting from an age of 4.5662 Gyr for differentiated meteorites. Nature 436: 1127-1131.

Bhandari N (2002), A quest for the moon. Curr. Sci. 83: 377-393.

Bizzarro M, JA Baker & H Haack (2004), Mg isotope evidence for contemporaneous formation of chondrules and refractory inclusions. Nature 431: 275-278. 

Canup RM & CB Agnor (2000), Accretion of the terrestrial planets and the Earth-Moon system. In RM Canup & K Righter (eds.), Origin of the Earth and Moon, Univ. Ariz. Press, pp. 113-129. 

Desch S (2004), The astrophysical origins of the short-lived radionuclides in the early Solar System.  Unpublished ppt.

Frei R, A Polat & A Meibom (2004), The Hadean upper mantle conundrum: Evidence for source depletion and enrichment from Sm-Nd, Re-Os, and Pb isotopic compositions in 3.71 Gy boninite-like metabasalts from the Isua Supracrustal Belt, Greenland.  Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68: 1645-1660. 

Gounelle M, FH Shu, H Shang, AE Glassgold, KE Rehm & T Lee (2005), The irradiation origin of beryllium radioisotopes and other short-lived radionuclides. arXiv astro-ph 0512517v1. 

Greenwood RC, IA Franchi, A Jambon & PC Buchanan (2005), Widespread magma oceans on asteroidal bodies in the early Solar System. Nature 435: 916-918. 

Halliday AN (2004), Mixing, volatile loss and compositional change during impact-driven accretion of the Earth. Nature 427: 505-509.

Koeberl C (2003), The Late Heavy Bombardment in the inner Solar System: Is there any connection to Kuiper Belt objects? Earth Moon Planets 92: 79-87.

Koeberl C (2006), Impact processes on the early Earth. Elements 2: 211-216.

Krot AN, Y Amelin, P Cassen & A Meibom (2005), Young chondrules in CB chondrites from a giant impact in the early Solar System. Nature 436: 989-992.

Russell MJ & NT Arndt (2005), Geodynamic and metabolic cycles in the Hadean.  Biogeosciences 2: 97-111.

Ryder G (2003), Bombardment of the Hadean Earth: Wholesome or deleterious? Astrobiology 3: 3-6. [posthumous paper, edited for publication by Gary R. Byerly]. 

Trail, D, SJ Mojzsis & TM Harrison (2007?), Thermal events documented in Hadean zircons by ion microprobe depth profiles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, in press (070715).

Wadhwa M & SS Russell (2000), Timescales of accretion and differentiation in the early Solar System: The meteoric evidence, in V Mannings & SS Russell (eds.), Protostars and Planets IV, Univ. Ariz. Press,  pp. 995-1018. 

Wadhwa M, Y Amelin, AM Davis, GW Lugmair, B Meyer, M Gounelle & SJ Desch (2007), From dust to planetesimals: Implications for the solar protoplanetary disk from short-lived radionuclides. In VB Reipurth, D Jewitt & K Keil (eds.), Protostars and Planets V. Univ. Ariz. Press, pp. 835-848.

Wilde SA, JW Valley, WH Peck, & CM Graham (2001), Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4Gyr ago. Nature 409: 175–178.

Williams JP & E Gaidos (2007), On the likelihood of supernova enrichment of protoplanetary disks. Astrophys. J., 663: L33–L36.

Wood BJ & AN Halliday (2005), Cooling of the Earth and core formation after the giant impact. Nature 437: 1345-1348. 

Wood BJ, MJ Walter & J Wade (2006), Accretion of the Earth and segregation of its core.  Nature 441: 825-833.

Notes

[1] The Crust:  The more external part of the crust, or Lithosphere constitutes the superficial covering of the Earth.  Two kinds of crust are easily distinguished by composition, thickness and consistency: continental crust and oceanic crust.  Continental crust has a thickness that, in mountainous regions chains may reach 40 kilometers. It is composed mainly of metamorphic rock and igneous blocks enriched in potassium, uranium, thorium and silicon.  This forms the diffuse granitic bedrock of 45% of the land surface of the Earth.  The oceanic crust has a more modest thickness, on the order of 5-6 kilometers, and is made up of basaltic blocks composed of silicates enriched in aluminum, iron and manganese.  It is continuously renewed along mid-ocean ridges.

[2] From Era Precambriana by Prof. Franco Maria Boschetto, translated from the Italian by ATW040312.

[3] We wondered how anyone could possibly know this.  Actually the evidence is quite good, but also quite heavy reading.  Wood & Halliday (2005), Wood et al. (2006). Thanks to Andreas Johansson for pointing out an error in a previous version of this paragraph, thus forcing us to actually read (if not necessarily understand) these papers. ATW070716.

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