| Palæos: |  |
Cnidaria |
| INVERTEBRATES | Zoantharia |
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| Palæos: | |
Cnidaria |
| INVERTEBRATES | Zoantharia |
| Page Back | Page Next | Page Up | Page Down | Cladogram | Mikko's Phylogeny Home |
Zoantharian corals are defined by polyps having tentacles in multiples of six. Zoantharian tentacles are rarely pinnate (branched). Polyps may be solitary or colonial. A few of the orders of this diverse group are:
Originally considered a natural group, there is a tendency now to divide the various taxa into separate subclasses of their own.
The following cladogram assumes that the Zoantharia area a natural group.
<==o ZOANTHARIA [Hexacorallia]
|--+-- †KILBUCHOPHYLLIDA
| `--+?-o CERIANTHARIA
| | |-- Arachnanthidae
| | |-- Botrucnidiferidae
| | `-- Cerianthidae
| `--+--o CORALLIMORPHARIA
| | |-- Actinodiscidae
| | |-- Corallimorphidae
| | `-- Sideractiidae
| |--+?- Ptychodactiidae* [Ptychodactiatria]
| | `--o ACTINIARIA
| | |-- Acontiophoridae
| | |-- Actinernidae
| | |-- Actiniidae
| | |-- Actinodendronidae
| | |-- Actinoscyphiidae
| | |-- Actinostolidae
| | |-- Aiptasiidae
| | |-- Aliciidae
| | |-- Andresiidae
| | |-- Andwakiidae
| | |-- Aurelianiidae
| | |-- Kapneidae
| | |-- Bathyphelliidae
| | |-- Boloceroididae
| | |-- Condylanthidae
| | |-- Diadumenidae
| | |-- Edwardsiidae
| | |-- Exocoelactiidae
| | |-- Galatheanthemidae
| | |-- Gonactiniidae
| | |-- Halcampidae
| | |-- Halcampoididae
| | |-- Halcuriidae
| | |-- Haliactiidae
| | |-- Haliplanellidae
| | |-- Haloclavidae
| | |-- Homostichanthidae
| | |-- Hormathiidae
| | |-- Isanthidae
| | |-- Isophelliidae
| | |-- Limnactiniidae
| | |-- Liponematidae
| | |-- Metridiidae
| | |-- Minyadidae
| | |-- Nemanthidae
| | |-- Nevadneidae
| | |-- Octineonidae
| | |-- Phymanthidae
| | |-- Sagartiidae
| | |-- Sagartiomorphidae
| | |-- Stichodactylidae
| | `-- Thalassianthidae
| `--+-- †NUMIDIAPHYLLIDA
| `-- o SCLERACTINIA [Madreporaria]
| |--o ASTROCOENIINA
| | |-- Acroporidae
| | |-- Astrocoeniidae
| | |-- Pocilloporidae
| | `-- Thamnasteriidae
| |--o CARYOPHYLLIINA
| | |-- Caryophylliidae
| | |-- Flabellidae
| | `-- Guyniidae
| |--o DENDROPHYLLIINA
| | `-- Dendrophylliidae*
| |--o FAVIINA
| | |-- Anthemiphylliidae
| | |-- Faviidae
| | |-- Meandrinidae
| | |-- Merulinidae
| | |-- Mussidae
| | |-- Oculinidae
| | |-- Pectiniidae
| | |-- Rhizangiidae
| | `-- Astrangiidae
| `--o FUNGIINA
| |-- Agariciidae
| |-- Fungiidae
| |-- Micrabaciidae
| |-- Poritidae
| `-- Siderastreidae
`--+-- †TABULOCONIDA
`--+-- †COTHONIIDA
`--+-- †TABULATA
`--+-- †HELIOLITIDA
`--+--+?- †HETEROCORALLIA
| `-- †RUGOSA
`--+?- ANTIPATHARIA
`--o ZOANTHIDEA
|-- Zoanthidea
|-- Epizoanthidae
|-- Parazoanthidae
`-- Zoanthidae
Conway Morris, S., 1993: The fossil record and early evolution of the Metazoa. --Nature, vol. 361, 21 January, pp. 219-225
--iNet: The Tree of Life
Fautin, D. G., Romano, S. L. & Oliver, W. A. Jr., 1999: Zoantharia - Sea Anemones and corals. --iNet: The Tree of Life
Parker, S. P. (ed.), 1982: Synopsis and classification of living organisms. Vols. 1 & 2 --McGrew-Hill Book Company
