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| PLANT EVOLUTION | Miadesmiales |
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The Bashkirian (middle Carboniferous) Miadesmia was a quasi-seed-bearing herbaceous plant, much like the recent Selaginella, although possibly an epiphyte. This was one of two lineages of Paleozoic lycopods that independently evolved seed-like structures, the other being the large Lepidodendrales like Lepidocarpon. The seeds of the two genera are differently in structure, and hence evolved independently.
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XII. The Palaeontological Record. - II. Plants by D.H. Scott, F.R.S. - some information here on trends in seed-development in Carboniferous Lycophytes; in Darwin and Modern Science by A.C. Seward, Book Rags e-book
Margaret
Benson (1908), Miadesmia membranacea, a new Palaeozoic lycopod with a seed-like
structure, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 199:
